List of figures and list of tables – Generation Z: Portrait of a New Generation of Young Canadians and How They Compare to Older Canadians

List of figures

• Figure 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of three generations of Canadians (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 2: Levels of generalized trust, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 3: Respondents' reported levels of materialism, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 4: Preferences for state goals included in the post-materialist scale, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 5: Levels of trust in three institutions, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 6: Levels of cynicism expressed about political parties and institutions, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 7: Proportions of respondents with or without a partisan identity, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 8: Average number of correct answers to 10 political knowledge questions, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 9: Proportions of correct answers to 10 political knowledge questions, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 10: Average agreement with statement about politics being too complicated, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 11: Levels of political interest, by age group
• Figure 12: Predicted levels of political interest (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 13: Visualization of preferred news media sources for respondents aged 16–17 (left panel) and those aged 35 and older (right panel)
• Figure 14: Percentage of respondents aged 16 to 22 who reported taking civics courses and participating in mock elections, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 15: Percentage of respondents who reported being contacted by a political party, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 16: Level of trust in Elections Canada, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 17: Average levels of preference for different modes of registration before turning 18, among those aged 16–18 (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 18: Levels of agreement and disagreement with the statement "voting is easy," by age group
• Figure 19: Levels of agreement and disagreement with the idea of a reform to lower the voting age, by age group
• Figure 20: Average number of environmental actions, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 21: Frequency of taking some actions to fight climate change, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 22: Reported intended turnout for those aged 16 and 17 and reported turnout for other age groups (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 23: Predicted levels of intended or actual turnout of those aged 16–17 and 18–22, based on their visible minority status
• Figure 24: Predicted levels of intended or actual turnout of those aged 16–17 and 18–22, based on their levels of political discussions with friends and teachers
• Figure 25: Predicted levels of intended or actual turnout of those aged 16–17 and 18–22, based on their information searches
• Figure 26: Predicted levels of intended or actual turnout of those aged 16–17 and 18–22, based on their levels of civic duty
• Figure 27: Predicted levels of intended or actual turnout of those aged 16–17 and 18–22, based on their levels of political interest
• Figure 28: Predicted levels of intended or actual turnout of those aged 16–17 and 18–22, based on their perceptions of the ease of voting
• Figure 29: Average number of political actions in the past 12 months, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)
• Figure 30: Average frequency of participation in different non-electoral activities in the past 12 months, by age group (with 95% confidence intervals)

List of tables

• Table 1: Profile of survey respondents
• Table 2: OLS regressions explaining levels of political interest of those aged 16 to 22
• Table 3: Logistic regressions explaining intended turnout (for those aged 16–17) and actual turnout levels (for those aged 18–22)

Note to the Reader

This research paper was prepared for Elections Canada by Valérie-Anne Mahéo, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science at Université Laval and member of the Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, and Éric Bélanger, Professor, Department of Political Science at McGill University and member of the Centre for the Study of Democratic Citizenship, with the help of Marie Foster and Tim Roy.

The observations and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Elections Canada.

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