Aboriginal Electoral Participation in Canada
Appendix 2 Supplementary Tables
Aboriginals off reserve (20042008) | Aboriginals on reserve (20042008) | Urban Aboriginals (20042008) | Rural Aboriginals (20042008) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Registered | .19** (.03) |
.21** (.03) |
.18** (.03) |
.20** (.03) |
Living on reserve | | | -.08** (.04) |
-.09** (.03) |
Women | -.03 (.03) |
.00 (.03) |
-.04 (.03) |
.01 (.03) |
Age | .24** (.05) |
.28** (.05) |
.27** (.05) |
.24** (.05) |
Education | .04 (.04) |
.14** (.04) |
.07* (.04) |
.10** (.04) |
Income | .14** (.05) |
.08 (.07) |
.17** (.06) |
.07 (.06) |
Rural residence | -.04 (.03) |
-.03 (.05) |
| |
Region: British Columbia | .04 (.04) |
.01 (.05) |
.03 (.04) |
.04 (.05) |
Region: Ontario | .02 (.04) |
.05 (.04) |
-.04 (.04) |
.09** (.04) |
Region: Quebec | .05 (.04) |
-.17** (.05) |
.02 (.04) |
-.12** (.04) |
Region: Atlantic | -.06 (.05) |
-.03 (.06) |
-.02 (.06) |
-.07 (.06) |
Region: North | .08* (.05) |
.03 (.08) |
.24* (.14) |
.02 (.05) |
Political resources | .39** (.05) |
.37** (.06) |
.36** (.05) |
.41** (.05) |
Civic duty to vote | .22** (.04) |
.33** (.05) |
.28** (.05) |
.26** (.05) |
Parties talk about impor. issues | .04 (.04) |
.03 (.05) |
-.01 (.05) |
.08* (.04) |
Saw general EC ad | .02 (.03) |
-.07* (.04) |
.03 (.03) |
-.06* (.03) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | .00 (.03) |
.04 (.04) |
.02 (.04) |
.02 (.03) |
Number of cases | 831 | 642 | 648 | 825 |
Pseudo R-squared | .31 | .30 | .37 | .27 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
Aboriginals off reserve(20042011) | Aboriginals on reserve (20042011) | Urban Aboriginals (20042011) | Rural Aboriginals (20042011) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Registered | .21** (.02) |
.23** (.03) |
.21** (.02) |
.22** (.03) |
Living on reserve | | | -.07** (.03) |
-.10** (.03) |
Women | -.04 (.02) |
-.01 (.03) |
-.06** (.03) |
.01 (.03) |
Age | .24** (.04) |
.27** (.05) |
.26** (.04) |
.24** (.05) |
Education | .07** (.03) |
.11** (.04) |
.08** (.04) |
.09** (.04) |
Income | .10** (.04) |
.08 (.06) |
.12** (.04) |
.04 (.05) |
Rural residence | -.02 (.03) |
-.02 (.03) |
| |
Region: British Columbia | .04 (.04) |
.06 (.04) |
.05 (.04) |
.05 (.05) |
Region: Ontario | .02 (.04) |
.06* (.04) |
.02 (.04) |
.07* (.04) |
Region: Quebec | .06 (.04) |
-.13** (.04) |
.01 (.04) |
-.07* (.04) |
Region: Atlantic | -.03 (.04) |
-.02 (.06) |
-.01 (.05) |
-.04 (.05) |
Region: North | .11** (.04) |
.07 (.07) |
.25** (.09) |
.06 (.05) |
Political resources | .44** (.04) |
.46** (.05) |
.42** (.04) |
.50** (.04) |
Civic duty to vote | | | | |
Parties talk about impor. issues | | | | |
Saw general EC ad | .03 (.02) |
-.05* (.03) |
.03 (.03) |
-.05* (.03) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | .00 (.03) |
.04 (.03) |
.02 (.03) |
.03 (.03) |
Number of cases | 1067 | 851 | 927 | 991 |
Pseudo R-squared | .29 | .26 | .32 | .23 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Registered | .20** (.03) |
.16** (.03) |
.24** (.04) |
.24** (.03) |
Living on reserve | -.07 (.07) |
-.06 (.04) |
-.12** (.04) |
-.04 (.04) |
Women | -.05 (.04) |
-.03 (.03) |
.04 (.04) |
-.05 (.04) |
Age | .18** (.07) |
.36** (.05) |
.26** (.06) |
.15** (.07) |
Education | .04 (.05) |
.05 (.04) |
.12** (.05) |
.05 (.06) |
Income | .16* (.08) |
.10* (.06) |
.13* (.07) |
.02 (.06) |
Rural residence | .01 (.07) |
-.04 (.04) |
-.03 (.04) |
.04 (.04) |
Region: British Columbia | .16** (.05) |
-.05 (.05) |
.02 (.06) |
.07 (.06) |
Region: Ontario | .15** (.05) |
-.03 (.05) |
.04 (.06) |
.05 (.05) |
Region: Quebec | -.06 (.07) |
-.06 (.05) |
-.03 (.05) |
.02 (.06) |
Region: Atlantic | .00 (.08) |
-.01 (.06) |
-.08 (.07) |
.04 (.07) |
Region: North | .24 (.20) |
.10* (.05) |
-.05 (.08) |
.33** (.11) |
Political resources | .50** (.06) |
.37** (.06) |
.34** (.07) |
.43** (.06) |
Civic duty to vote | .27** (.06) |
.23** (.05) |
.28** (.06) |
|
Parties talk about impor. issues | .00 (.06) |
.02 (.05) |
.16** (.06) |
|
Saw general EC ad | .00 (.04) |
.03 (.04) |
-.03 (.05) |
.02 (.04) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | .04 (.04) |
.01 (.04) |
.00 (.05) |
.02 (.07) |
Number of cases | 449 | 554 | 470 | 445 |
Pseudo R-squared | .35 | .35 | .30 | .34 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Registered | .21** (.03) |
.17** (.03) |
.24** (.04) |
.23** (.04) |
Living on reserve | -.08 (.07) |
-.05 (.04) |
-.10* (.05) |
-.07* (.04) |
Mιtis | | -.06 (.04) |
-.06 (.06) |
.02 (.04) |
Inuit | | .06 (.06) |
.01 (.07) |
.00 (.10) |
Women | -.02 (.04) |
-.02 (.03) |
.02 (.04) |
-.04 (.04) |
Age | .19** (.07) |
.30** (.06) |
.31** (.07) |
.20** (.08) |
Education | .03 (.06) |
.04 (.05) |
.05 (.05) |
.05 (.06) |
Income | .15* (.09) |
.11* (.06) |
.03 (.07) |
-.02 (.06) |
Rural residence | .02 (.07) |
-.07* (.04) |
-.05 (.04) |
.02 (.04) |
Region: British Columbia | .13** (.06) |
-.07 (.05) |
.00 (.06) |
.06 (.06) |
Region: Ontario | .13** (.05) |
-.03 (.05) |
.01 (.06) |
.07 (.05) |
Region: Quebec | -.07 (.08) |
-.04 (.05) |
-.03 (.05) |
.02 (.06) |
Region: Atlantic | .00 (.08) |
.01 (.07) |
-.06 (.07) |
.06 (.07) |
Region: North | .19 (.21) |
.08 (.06) |
-.07 (.08) |
.31** (.12) |
Political resources | .51** (.06) |
.26** (.07) |
.25** (.07) |
.40** (.06) |
Civic duty to vote | .28** (.06) |
.23** (.06) |
.17** (.06) |
|
Parties talk about impor. issues | .01 (.06) |
-.01 (.06) |
.12** (.06) |
|
Saw general EC ad | -.01 (.04) |
| | .00 (.04) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | .03 (.04) |
.00 (.04) |
.00 (.05) |
.04 (.07) |
Saw general EC television ad | | -.05 (.03) |
-.06* (.04) |
|
Heard general EC radio ad | | .02 (.03) |
-.02 (.04) |
|
Read general EC newspaper ad | | .07** (.03) |
.00 (.04) |
|
Saw EC slogan | | .06* (.03) |
.00 (.05) |
-.01 (.06) |
Was enumerated by EC | | -.01 (.05) |
| |
Received EC flyer | | | .00 (.04) |
|
Received EC brochure | | | | .03 (.04) |
Homeowner | | -.01 (.03) |
| |
Moved recently | | .02 (.05) |
-.03 (.07) |
.01 (.05) |
Unemployed | | -.08* (.04) |
-.06 (.06) |
.10* (.06) |
Married or common law | | -.04 (.03) |
| |
Has children | | -.07** (.03) |
| |
Has disability | | | -.16** (.06) |
-.10** (.05) |
Has Internet access | | | .01 (.05) |
.01 (.04) |
Has cell phone | | | .00 (.04) |
|
Has smart phone with Internet | | | | .03 (.05) |
Discusses politics online | | | -.04 (.06) |
-.07 (.08) |
Others in household voted | | | .26** (.03) |
|
Volunteer for a party | | .05 (.06) |
| |
Volunteer in community | | -.02 (.03) |
| .08** (.04) |
Party member | | .10* (.06) |
-.02 (.09) |
|
Vote does not matter | -.06 (.05) |
| | |
Issues are too complicated | .06 (.06) |
| | |
Aboriginals better off if more Abor. MPs | -.01 (.08) |
| | |
Vote if more Aboriginal candidates | .01 (.08) |
| | |
Guarantee Abor. number in Parliament | -.14* (.08) |
| | |
Sense of Aboriginal belonging | .07 (.07) |
| | |
Sense of provincial belonging | .10 (.08) |
| | |
Sense of Canadian belonging | -.16* (.08) |
| | |
Politicians are out of touch | | .00 (.06) |
.00 (.06) |
|
Citizens have no influence | | -.06 (.05) |
| |
MPs reflect Canadian society | | .01 (.06) |
| |
Parties are the same | | -.02 (.05) |
-.08 (.06) |
|
Parties are influenced by money | | -.12** (.06) |
.02 (.06) |
|
Low turnout weakens democracy | | .18** (.06) |
.05 (.07) |
|
Vote if more Aboriginal candidates | | -.01 (.06) |
| |
Minimum number of Aboriginal MPs | | .05 (.05) |
| |
Minimum number of Abor. candidates | | -.07 (.06) |
| |
Federal govern. represents Aboriginals | | -.05 (.05) |
| |
More Aboriginals should vote | | .18** (.07) |
| |
Abor. should be informed of civic rights | | -.07 (.06) |
| |
Connection to community | | | | .12** (.06) |
Number of cases | 434 | 553 | 470 | 445 |
Pseudo R-squared | .36 | .42 | .39 | .37 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Living on reserve | .01 (.08) |
.03 (.04) |
-.11** (.04) |
-.05 (.04) |
Women | .06 (.04) |
.06 (.03) |
.09** (.04) |
.01 (.04) |
Age | .30** (.08) |
.25** (.06) |
.35** (.06) |
.24** (.07) |
Education | -.04 (.06) |
-.01 (.05) |
.01 (.06) |
.11* (.06) |
Income | .16* (.09) |
.04 (.06) |
.07 (.07) |
.02 (.06) |
Rural residence | .03 (.07) |
-.02 (.04) |
.07* (.04) |
-.01 (.04) |
Region: British Columbia | .04 (.06) |
.02 (.06) |
-.04 (.06) |
.09 (.06) |
Region: Ontario | .05 (.06) |
.07 (.06) |
-.01 (.06) |
.10* (.05) |
Region: Quebec | -.04 (.08) |
.03 (.06) |
.05 (.05) |
.05 (.06) |
Region: Atlantic | .07 (.10) |
.05 (.07) |
.04 (.08) |
.14* (.08) |
Region: North | .26 (.24) |
.08 (.05) |
-.07 (.07) |
.11 (.09) |
Political resources | .26** (.07) |
.27** (.07) |
.19** (.07) |
.31** (.06) |
Civic duty to vote | .14** (.07) |
.02( .06) |
.11* (.06) |
|
Parties talk about impor. issues | .02 (.07) |
.03 (.06) |
-.05 (.07) |
|
Saw general EC ad | -.01 (.04) |
.04 (.04) |
.03 (.05) |
.13** (.05) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | .01 (.05) |
.00 (.04) |
.00 (.05) |
-.05 (.08) |
Number of cases | 452 | 555 | 470 | 445 |
Pseudo R-squared | .09 | .09 | .12 | .20 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
Aboriginals off reserve (20042008) | Aboriginals on reserve (20042008) | Urban Aboriginals(20042008) | Rural Aboriginals (20042008) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Living on reserve | | | -.08* (.04) |
-.05 (.03) |
Women | .05* (.03) |
.10** (.03) |
.02 (.03) |
.12** (.03) |
Age | .35** (.05) |
.28** (.06) |
.37** (.05) |
.27** (.05) |
Education | -.01 (.04) |
.02 (.05) |
-.04 (.05) |
.02 (.04) |
Income | .17** (.05) |
.01 (.07) |
.18** (.06) |
.02 (.06) |
Rural residence | .03 (.03) |
.04 (.05) |
| |
Region: British Columbia | .05 (.04) |
-.04 (.05) |
.02 (.04) |
-.01 (.05) |
Region: Ontario | .07 (.05) |
.00 (.05) |
.04 (.05) |
.03 (.04) |
Region: Quebec | .05 (.05) |
.05 (.05) |
.05 (.06) |
.04 (.05) |
Region: Atlantic | .08 (.06) |
.07 (.07) |
.09 (.07) |
.07 (.06) |
Region: North | .02 (.05) |
.22** (.11) |
-.02 (.09) |
.08 (.05) |
Political resources | .24** (.05) |
.26** (.07) |
.32** (.06) |
.18** (.06) |
Civic duty to vote | .08 (.05) |
.07 (.06) |
.12** (.06) |
.05 (.05) |
Parties talk about impor. issues | .00 (.05) |
.00 (.05) |
.06 (.05) |
-.04 (.05) |
Saw general EC ad | .06* (.03) |
.00 (.04) |
.04 (.03) |
.03 (.03) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | -.01 (.04) |
.02 (.04) |
.00 (.04) |
.00 (.03) |
Number of cases | 832 | 645 | 650 | 827 |
Pseudo R-squared | .13 | .08 | .16 | .08 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
Aboriginals off reserve (20042011) | Aboriginals on reserve (20042011) | Urban Aboriginals (20042011) | Rural Aboriginals (20042011) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Living on reserve | | | -.04 (.03) |
-.06* (.03) |
Women | .04 (.03) |
.10** (.03) |
.02 (.03) |
.10** (.03) |
Age | .34** (.04) |
.27** (.05) |
.34** (.05) |
.28** (.05) |
Education | .02 (.04) |
.01 (.04) |
.01 (.04) |
.02 (.04) |
Income | .12** (.04) |
.06 (.06) |
.17** (.05) |
.01 (.05) |
Rural residence | .03 (.03) |
.00 (.03) |
| |
Region: British Columbia | .07* (.04) |
-.02 (.04) |
.03 (.04) |
.01 (.05) |
Region: Ontario | .09** (.04) |
.03 (.04) |
.07* (.04) |
.04 (.04) |
Region: Quebec | .04 (.04) |
.06 (.05) |
.06 (.04) |
.05 (.04) |
Region: Atlantic | .10* (.05) |
.06 (.06) |
.09 (.06) |
.09 (.06) |
Region: North | .04 (.04) |
.18** (.09) |
.04 (.07) |
.07 (.05) |
Political resources | .29** (.04) |
.29** (.05) |
.35** (.05) |
.23** (.05) |
Civic duty to vote | | | | |
Parties talk about impor. issues | | | | |
Saw general EC ad | .08** (.03) |
.02 (.03) |
.05* (.03) |
.05 (.03) |
Saw Aboriginal EC ad | -.02 (.03) |
.03 (.04) |
.01 (.04) |
.00 (.03) |
Number of cases | 1068 | 854 | 929 | 993 |
Pseudo R-squared | .14 | .09 | .15 | .09 |
Cells contain marginal effects of logistic regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. All variables range from 0 to 1. **significant at .05; *significant at .10
Non-Aboriginals | Aboriginals | |
---|---|---|
Voted | 83% | 63% |
Registered | 89% | 73% |
Living on reserve | | 42% |
Age | 4554 | 3544 |
Education | College | Completed high school |
Income | $60K$80K | $40K$60K |
Political resources (> midpoint) | 67% | 50% |
Voting is a duty (agree) | 92% | 82% |